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靜電噴涂的工(gong)作原理是(shi)什(shen)么？

工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍或(huo)(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)盤、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)杯(bei)(bei)，涂(tu)料微(wei)粒(li)部(bu)(bu)分接負極(ji)，工(gong)(gong)件接正(zheng)極(ji)并接地， 在高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)用下，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍（或(huo)(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)盤、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)杯(bei)(bei)）的(de)端部(bu)(bu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)件之間(jian)就形(xing)成一個(ge)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。涂(tu)料微(wei)粒(li)所受到的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力(li)與(yu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)涂(tu)料微(wei)粒(li)的(de)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)量成正(zheng)比(bi)，而(er)與(yu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍和(he)工(gong)(gong)件間(jian)的(de)距離成反(fan)比(bi)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓足夠高時，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍端部(bu)(bu)附近區(qu)域形(xing)成空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離區(qu)，空(kong)氣(qi)激烈(lie)地離子化和(he)發(fa)熱，使噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍端部(bu)(bu)銳邊或(huo)(huo)極(ji)針周圍形(xing)成一個(ge)暗(an)紅色的(de)暈圈(quan)，在黑暗(an)中(zhong)能明(ming)顯看(kan)見，這時空(kong)氣(qi)產生強烈(lie)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

涂料中的成(cheng)膜物(wu)(wu)(wu)即(ji)樹脂和顏料等(deng)大多數是由高分子有(you)機化合物(wu)(wu)(wu)組成(cheng)，多為(wei)導電(dian)的電(dian)介質(zhi)，溶劑(ji)形涂料除(chu)成(cheng)膜物(wu)(wu)(wu)外還有(you)有(you)機溶劑(ji)、助溶劑(ji)、固化劑(ji)、靜電(dian)稀(xi)釋劑(ji)、及(ji)其他各類添加劑(ji)等(deng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。這類溶劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)除(chu)了(le)苯、二甲苯、溶劑(ji)汽油(you)等(deng)，大多是極性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，電(dian)阻率較低，有(you)一定的導電(dian)能力，它們能提高涂料的帶電(dian)性(xing)(xing)能。

電(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)質的分(fen)子(zi)結(jie)構可分(fen)為極性(xing)分(fen)子(zi)和非極性(xing)分(fen)子(zi)二種。極性(xing)分(fen)子(zi)組成的電(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)質在受外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)場(chang)作用時，顯示出(chu)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)；非極性(xing)分(fen)子(zi)組成的電(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)質在外(wai)好。

涂(tu)料(liao)經(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴霧(wu)化后噴(pen)(pen)(pen)出，被霧(wu)化的(de)涂(tu)料(liao)微粒通過槍口的(de)極針(zhen)或噴(pen)(pen)(pen)盤(pan)、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)杯的(de)邊緣時因接觸而帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當經(jing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所產生的(de)氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離區時，將再一次增加(jia)其表面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)密(mi)度。這些帶(dai)(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)涂(tu)料(liao)微粒的(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用下，向導(dao)極性的(de)工(gong)件(jian)表面(mian)運動，并被沉(chen)積在工(gong)件(jian)表面(mian)上形成(cheng)均勻的(de)涂(tu)膜。

keyword:噴涂
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